學測/指考文法必考 20 題型

20 題型總表（判題關鍵 → 秒殺）

#	題型	判題關鍵	例句
1	分詞構句	兩句主詞相同 → 去掉連接詞與主詞，動詞改 Ving / p.p.	Walking home, I met Tom.
2	假設語氣（與過去相反）	if + had p.p. → would have p.p.	If I had known, I would have come.
3	倒裝句	否定副詞置句首（Never / Hardly / Not until）→ 助動詞提前	Never have I seen such a thing.
4	名詞子句	當主詞/受詞/補語 → that / whether / wh-	I don't know whether he will come.
5	關係子句（非限定）	有逗號補充說明 → 不可用 that、不可省略	My father, who is a doctor, is busy.
6	完成式	by + 時間點 → 未來完成；since/for → 現在完成	By next June, I will have finished school.
7	使役動詞	make / let / have + 受詞 + 原形；get + 受詞 + to V	He had his hair cut.
8	感官動詞	see / hear / watch + 受詞 + V 或 Ving（被動用 p.p.）	I saw him cross the street.
9	強調句	It is / was … that …（強調主詞、受詞、時間）	It was John that broke the window.
10	讓步子句	Although / Though / Even though + 子句；Despite / In spite of + N	Despite the rain, we went out.
11	條件句（現在事實）	if + 現在式 → 現在式 / will	If it rains, we will stay home.
12	虛主詞 it	It is + adj + (for/of sb) + to V / that 子句	It is important to sleep well.
13	不定詞完成式	表「本來應該而未做」→ should have p.p.；表比主要動詞更早 → to have p.p.	He seems to have left.
14	介系詞片語 vs 連接詞	because + 子句 / because of + N；while + 子句 / during + N	Because of the storm, the game was cancelled.
15	同位語	用逗號或 that 補充說明前面的名詞	The news that he won surprised us.
16	比較級慣用	the + 比較級 …, the + 比較級 …；比較級 + and + 比較級	The more you practice, the better you get.
17	副詞連接詞	however / therefore / moreover 接獨立句，前面要分號或句號	It rained; however, we played on.
18	省略與獨立分詞	副詞子句主詞與主要子句相同可省略主詞 + be	When (he was) young, he loved music.
19	間接問句	疑問句當受詞 → 用直述句語序（不倒裝）	Tell me where he is.（非 where is he）
20	數量詞與一致	a number of + 複數動詞；the number of + 單數動詞	The number of students is growing.

三大魔王詳解

① 分詞構句

步驟：兩句主詞相同 → 刪連接詞、刪主詞 → 動詞改 Ving（主動）或 p.p.（被動）。

Because he was tired, he went to bed.
→ Being tired, he went to bed.

Because the book was written in English, it was hard.
→ Written in English, the book was hard.

考點：句首分詞的主詞要與主要子句一致（否則為「垂懸分詞」錯誤）。

② 假設語氣

三種時間：與現在相反（if + 過去式 → would V）、與過去相反（if + had p.p. → would have p.p.）、與未來相反（if + were to V → would V）。

If I were you, I would take the job.

If I had studied harder, I would have passed.

倒裝：Were I you…／Had I known…／Should it rain…

③ 倒裝句

觸發詞：Never、Seldom、Hardly、Not until、Only after、No sooner…than。

Hardly had I arrived when it started to rain.

Not until you try will you know.

考點：助動詞提前後，主要動詞用原形。

實戰演練（10 題）

1. ___ in a hurry, he forgot his keys.

(A) Leave (B) Leaving (C) Left (D) To leave
→ (B) Leaving：主動分詞構句。

2. If I ___ your advice, I wouldn't be in trouble now.

(A) take (B) took (C) had taken (D) have taken
→ (C) had taken：與過去相反（現在後果）→ if + had p.p.。

3. Never ___ such a beautiful sunset.

(A) I have seen (B) have I seen (C) I saw (D) did I saw
→ (B) have I seen：Never 置首 → 倒裝。

4. I don't know ___ the meeting was cancelled.

(A) why (B) that why (C) which (D) what
→ (A) why：名詞子句當受詞，用 wh- 連接。

5. She had her car ___ yesterday.

(A) repair (B) repairing (C) repaired (D) to repair
→ (C) repaired：have + 受詞 + p.p. 表「被處理」。

6. ___ the bad weather, the flight was on time.

(A) Although (B) Despite (C) Because (D) Even if
→ (B) Despite：後接名詞片語，且語意為讓步。

7. It is important ___ enough sleep before an exam.

(A) get (B) getting (C) to get (D) got
→ (C) to get：It is + adj + to V 虛主詞句型。

8. Tell me ___ .

(A) where is he (B) where he is (C) where was he (D) he is where
→ (B) where he is：間接問句用直述語序。

9. He seems ___ the news already.

(A) know (B) to know (C) knowing (D) knew
→ (B) to know：seem + to V；若要表更早發生則用 to have known。

10. ___ students in this school is increasing.

(A) A number of (B) The number of (C) Many (D) Number
→ (B) The number of：表「…的數量」→ 單數動詞 is。