分詞構句

高中進階 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 學測/指考寫作加分

什麼是分詞構句

將副詞子句 (時間、原因、條件、讓步等) 簡化為 V-ing (主動) 或 Vpp (被動) 開頭的片語，主詞必須與主要子句相同。

四步驟轉換法

  1. 確認主詞相同 (否則需用獨立分詞構句)
  2. 去掉連接詞 (when, because, if, although...)
  3. 去掉主詞 (與主要子句相同)
  4. 將動詞改為 V-ing (主動) 或 Vpp (被動)

語意關係對照

關係原子句分詞構句範例
時間When he arrived, ...Arriving / On arriving, ...Arriving at the station, he called me.
原因Because he was tired, ...Being tired, ...Tired from work, he went to bed early.
條件If you study hard, ...Studying hard, ...Given time, I'll finish it.
讓步Although he is rich, ...Rich as he is, ...Tired as he was, he continued.
結果He fell, and broke his leg.Falling, he broke his leg.He slipped, breaking his arm.

被動語態：Vpp / Being Vpp

簡單被動

Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.

進行被動

Being repaired, the car cannot be used now.

完成被動

Having been finished, the project was submitted.

否定詞位置

Not knowing the way, I got lost. (Not + V-ing)

Not having finished the work, he couldn't leave. (Not + Having + Vpp)

獨立分詞構句 (主詞不同)

格式：主詞 + V-ing/Vpp，前後主詞不同，需保留分詞的主詞。

原句分詞構句
Weather permitting, we will go.Weather permitting, we will go.
Since all the work was done, we left.All the work done, we left.
If time permits, I'll visit you.Time permitting, I'll visit you.

考試常見陷阱

❌ 主詞不一致

❌ Reading the book, the story was interesting. (主詞是 story 非 people)

✅ Reading the book, I found the story interesting.

✅ The book being interesting, I finished it in one day. (獨立分詞)

❌ 被動誤用主動

❌ Writing in English, the letter was sent. (信是被寫的)

✅ Written in English, the letter was sent.