動名詞 vs 不定式
核心觀念差異
| 特性 | 動名詞 (V-ing) | 不定式 (to V) |
|---|---|---|
| 時間性 | 一般/已發生/進行中 | 未來/將要/目的 |
| 語感 | 過程、經驗、習慣 | 目標、意圖、潛力 |
| 例句 | I enjoy reading. | I want to read. |
只接動名詞的動詞 (GO PEGS + 口訣)
| 類別 | 動詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| G - Go 類 | go, enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, miss, risk | I enjoy swimming. |
| O - 介系詞後 | interested in, good at, tired of, afraid of | He is good at playing piano. |
| P - 習慣/偏好 | practice, prefer, postpone, put off | She prefers reading to watching TV. |
| E - 完成/結束 | finish, complete, stop, quit, give up | He finished writing the report. |
| G - 否定/花費 | can't help, can't stand, it's no use/good, spend/waste time/money | I can't help laughing. |
| S - 建議/考慮 | suggest, consider, imagine, admit, deny, appreciate | I suggest going early. |
只接不定式的動詞 (WANT + 口訣)
| 類別 | 動詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| W - 意願/希望 | want, wish, hope, expect, would like, decide | I want to go home. |
| A - 安排/同意 | agree, arrange, ask, allow, afford, aim | They agreed to meet at 7. |
| N - 需要/提議 | need, offer, promise, refuse, plan, prepare | He offered to help me. |
| T - 學習/威脅 | learn, teach, train, threaten, tend, try | She learned to drive last year. |
兩者皆可但意義不同 (重點必考)
| 動詞 | V-ing (已發生/過程) | to V (未來/目的/嘗試) |
|---|---|---|
| remember | 記得做過 (I remember locking the door.) | 記得要去做 (Remember to lock the door.) |
| forget | 忘記做過 (I forgot meeting him.) | 忘記要去做 (Don't forget to call me.) |
| regret | 後悔做過 (I regret telling him.) | 遺憾要告知 (We regret to inform you...) |
| stop | 停止做某事 (Stop smoking.) | 停下來去做 (Stop to smoke = 停下來抽菸) |
| try | 嘗試做看看 (Try using this key.) | 努力想做 (I tried to open the door.) |
| go on | 繼續同一件事 (He went on talking.) | 接著做下一件事 (He went on to talk about the plan.) |
| mean | 意味著 (It means getting up early.) | 打算/意圖 (I meant to call you.) |
被動/完成/否定形式
被動式
V-ing: being + Vpp (He hates being laughed at.)
to V: to be + Vpp (He expects to be invited.)
完成式
V-ing: having + Vpp (He denied having stolen it.)
to V: to have + Vpp (He seems to have finished.)
否定式
V-ing: not + V-ing (I regret not going.)
to V: not to V (I decided not to go.)
感官/使役/致使動詞
see/hear/feel/watch/notice + O + V-ing/V (原形)
V-ing: 強調過程 (I saw him crossing the street.)
原形: 強調完整過程 (I saw him cross the street.)
make/let/have + O + 原形 (主動) → 被動加 to
主動: He made me do it.
被動: I was made to do it. (⭐ 考試必考加 to)
help + O + 原形/to V (皆可)
She helped me (to) finish the work.