省略句
核心原則
為避免重複、達成簡潔，在結構平行的情況下，刪除可由上下文推知的成分。省略後句意須完整、無歧義。
主要省略類型
| 類型 | 結構 | 例句 | 完整形式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主詞+助動詞省略 (and/but/or 連接) | S + V..., and/but/or + V... | He came and (he) saw me. | He came and he saw me. |
| 比較級省略 (than/as) | than/as + S + 助動詞 | He runs faster than I (do). | ...than I do. |
| 不定式省略 (to) | V + to (省略後續動詞) | I want to go, but I can't afford to. | ...afford to go. |
| 動詞片語省略 (do so / do it) | do so / do it 代替前句動詞片語 | He promised to come, but he didn't do so. | ...didn't come. |
| So/Neither 倒裝附和 | So/Neither + 助動詞 + S | He likes it. So do I. | I like it too. |
| 條件句倒裝省略 if | Were/Had/Should + S + V | Had I known, I would have come. | If I had known... |
比較級省略細節 (重點)
主詞相同 → 省略主詞+動詞，只留補語
He is taller than (he is) his brother.
主詞不同 → 保留主詞+助動詞
He runs faster than I do.
She knows more than I know.
受詞比較 → 保留受詞
He loves you more than me. (比他愛我)
He loves you more than I. (比我愛你)
不定式省略 to (常考)
保留 to
want, like, hope, expect, try, decide, promise, plan, need
I don't want to go, but I have to.
可省略 to
help, make, let, have, see, hear, feel, watch, notice (感官/使役)
He made me (to) do it. → He made me do it.
平行結構省略 (寫作加分)
| 原句 | 省略後 |
|---|---|
| She likes apples, and he likes oranges. | She likes apples, he oranges. |
| I can speak English, and he can speak Japanese. | I can speak English, he Japanese. |
| The book is interesting, and the movie is boring. | The book is interesting, the movie boring. |